氫氧化鈉變質(zhì)主要考點(diǎn)包括：變質(zhì)原因、檢驗(yàn)變質(zhì)的方法、檢驗(yàn)變質(zhì)的程度、除去雜質(zhì)得到就純凈的氫氧化鈉。（全部變質(zhì)：Na2CO3、部分變質(zhì)：Na2CO3、NaOH）下面氫氧化鉀廠家為你分析：

The main test points of sodium hydroxide deterioration include: deterioration reason, inspection method of deterioration, inspection of deterioration degree, and removal of impurities to obtain pure sodium hydroxide. (All metamorphism: Na2CO3, part metamorphism: Na2CO3, NaOH) The following potassium hydroxide manufacturer will analyze for you:

1、氫氧化鈉變質(zhì)的原因：敞口放置，與空氣中的二氧化碳反應(yīng)，生成了碳酸鈉。

1. The reason for the deterioration of sodium hydroxide: it is placed in an open place and reacts with carbon dioxide in the air to generate sodium carbonate.

原理：2NaOH+CO2=Na2CO3+H2O

Principle: 2NaOH+CO2=Na2CO3+H2O

2、檢驗(yàn)氫氧化鈉是否變質(zhì)的方法：(分別滴加酸、堿、鹽溶液，各為一種方法)

2. Method for checking whether sodium hydroxide deteriorates: (drip acid, alkali and salt solution respectively, one method)

①取少量樣品于試管中，滴加足量稀鹽酸(或者稀硫酸)，如果產(chǎn)生氣泡，說(shuō)明已變質(zhì)。無(wú)明顯現(xiàn)象，說(shuō)明未變質(zhì)。

① Take a small amount of sample into the test tube and add enough dilute hydrochloric acid (or dilute sulfuric acid). If bubbles are produced, it indicates that it has deteriorated. No obvious phenomenon, indicating no deterioration.

原理：Na2CO3+2HCl=2NaCl+H2O+CO2↑Principle:Na2CO3+2HCl=2nacl+H2O+CO2↑

Principle: Na2CO3+2HCl=2NaCl+H2O+CO2 ↑ Principle: Na2CO3+2HCl=2nacl+H2O+CO2 ↑

②取少量樣品于試管中，滴加氫氧化鈣溶液(或者氫氧化鋇溶液)，如果產(chǎn)生白色沉淀，說(shuō)明已變質(zhì)。

② Take a small amount of sample into the test tube and add calcium hydroxide solution (or barium hydroxide solution) dropwise. If white precipitates are produced, it indicates that it has deteriorated.

原理：Na2CO3+Ca(OH)2=CaCO3↓+2NaOH

Principle: Na2CO3+Ca (OH) 2=CaCO3 ↓+2NaOH

③取少量樣品于試管中，滴加氯化鈣溶液(或者硝酸鈣等其它可溶性鈣鹽、鋇鹽溶液。)

③ Take a small amount of sample into the test tube and add calcium chloride solution (or calcium nitrate and other soluble calcium salt and barium salt solutions)

原理：Na2CO3+CaCl2=CaCO3↓+2NaCl

Principle: Na2CO3+CaCl2=CaCO3 ↓+2NaCl

3、檢驗(yàn)氫氧化鈉變質(zhì)程度的方法：取少量樣品于試管中，滴加足量的CaCl2溶液，有白色沉淀生成；過(guò)濾，向?yàn)V液中滴加少量酚酞溶液，如果溶液變紅色，說(shuō)明溶液部分變質(zhì)；如果溶液呈無(wú)色，說(shuō)明氫氧化鈉完全變質(zhì)。

3. The method to test the deterioration degree of sodium hydroxide: take a small amount of sample into the test tube, add sufficient amount of CaCl2 solution, and white precipitate will be formed; Filter, add a small amount of phenolphthalein solution to the filtrate. If the solution turns red, it means that the solution is partially deteriorated; If the solution is colorless, it means that the sodium hydroxide is completely deteriorated.

原理：（1）氫氧化鈉和變質(zhì)后生成的碳酸鈉溶液都呈堿性，滴加足量的氯化鈣溶液是為了除盡生成的碳酸鈉，這時(shí)會(huì)產(chǎn)生白色沉淀，然后滴加酚酞溶液【還可以加入：MgCl2（白色沉淀）、CuCl2（藍(lán)色沉淀）、FeCl3（紅褐色沉淀）、FeCl2（白色沉淀）、NH4Cl（刺激性氣味）、紫色石蕊溶液】，如果溶液呈紅色，說(shuō)明溶液呈堿性，有未變質(zhì)的氫氧化鈉，部分變質(zhì)。如果溶液不變紅，說(shuō)明沒(méi)有氫氧化鈉了，完全變質(zhì)了。

Principle: (1) Both sodium hydroxide and the sodium carbonate solution formed after metamorphosis are alkaline. The purpose of adding sufficient calcium chloride solution is to remove the generated sodium carbonate completely. At this time, white precipitates will be generated, and then adding phenolphthalein solution [can also add: MgCl2 (white precipitate), CuCl2 (blue precipitate), FeCl3 (reddish-brown precipitate), FeCl2 (white precipitate), NH4Cl (pungent odor), and purple litmus solution], If the solution is red, it means that the solution is alkaline, there is sodium hydroxide that has not been deteriorated, and it is partially deteriorated. If the solution does not turn red, it means that there is no sodium hydroxide and it is completely deteriorated.

Na2CO3+CaCl2=CaCO3↓+2NaCl

Na2CO3+CaCl2=CaCO3↓+2NaCl

(注意：除去碳酸鈉時(shí)，不能用氫氧化鈣，因?yàn)闅溲趸}與碳酸鈉反應(yīng)會(huì)生成新的氫氧化鈉，會(huì)干擾對(duì)氫氧化鈉的檢驗(yàn)。

(Note: When removing sodium carbonate, calcium hydroxide cannot be used, because the reaction between calcium hydroxide and sodium carbonate will generate new sodium hydroxide, which will interfere with the test of sodium hydroxide.

原理：Na2CO3+Ca(OH)2=CaCO3↓+2NaOH)Principle:Na2CO3+Ca(OH)2=CaCO3↓+2naoh)

Principle: Na2CO3+Ca (OH) 2=CaCO3 ↓+2NaOH) Principle: Na2CO3+Ca (OH) 2=CaCO3 ↓+2naoh)

4、如何除去部分變質(zhì)的氫氧化鈉中的碳酸鈉。

4. How to remove sodium carbonate from partially deteriorated sodium hydroxide.

滴加適量氫氧化鈣溶液，然后過(guò)濾，就得到氫氧化鈉溶液，再蒸發(fā)，就得到氫氧化鈉固體。

Add a proper amount of calcium hydroxide solution, and then filter to obtain sodium hydroxide solution. Then evaporate to obtain sodium hydroxide solid.

原理：Na2CO3+Ca(OH)2=CaCO3↓+2NaOH

Principle: Na2CO3+Ca (OH) 2=CaCO3 ↓+2NaOH

(注意：①不能選用鹽酸或硫酸等酸液，因?yàn)樗崤c碳酸鈉反應(yīng)的同時(shí)也會(huì)與氫氧化鈉反應(yīng)，而且會(huì)生成NaCl或Na2SO4，引入了新的雜質(zhì)。②不能用氯化鈣等鹽溶液，因?yàn)樗鼈儠?huì)碳酸鈉反應(yīng)生成了NaCl，引入了新的雜質(zhì)。)還有什么問(wèn)題就來(lái)我們網(wǎng)站http://www.tjxjw.com咨詢了解吧！

(Note: ① Acid solution such as hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid cannot be selected, because the acid will react with sodium hydroxide when reacting with sodium carbonate, and will generate NaCl or Na2SO4, introducing new impurities. ② Salt solution such as calcium chloride cannot be used, because they will react with sodium carbonate to generate NaCl, introducing new impurities.) If you have any questions, please come to our website http://www.tjxjw.com Ask about it!