氫氧化鉀，是一種常見的無(wú)機(jī)堿，化學(xué)式為KOH，分子量為56.1。白色粉末或片狀固體，熔點(diǎn)380℃，沸點(diǎn)1324℃，相對(duì)密度2.04g/cm3，折射率n20/D1.421，蒸汽壓1mmHg（719℃）。

Potassium hydroxide is a common inorganic base. Its chemical formula is KOH, and its molecular weight is 56.1. White powder or sheet solid, melting point 380 ℃, boiling point 1324 ℃, relative density 2.04g/cm3, refractive index n20/D1.421, vapor pressure 1mmHg (719 ℃).

1、隔膜電解法原料氯化鉀在化鹽槽溶化成飽和溶液，加熱90℃時(shí)分別加入碳酸鉀、苛性鉀、氯化鋇除去鈣、鎂和硫酸根等雜質(zhì)，經(jīng)沉降除渣、鹽酸中和、精制的含氯化鉀280～315g/L的氯化鉀溶液經(jīng)預(yù)熱到70～75℃后進(jìn)行電解，得氫氧化鉀、氯氣和氫氣。隔膜法所得氫氧化鉀濃度為10%～11%，需通過(guò)蒸發(fā)濃縮和冷卻澄清，制得含45%～50%氫氧化鉀溶液;也可繼續(xù)在熬堿鍋中濃縮，經(jīng)脫色，制得固體氫氧化鉀，或經(jīng)制片成片狀氫氧化鉀產(chǎn)品。

1. The raw potassium chloride of diaphragm electrolysis method is dissolved into a saturated solution in the salt dissolving tank. When it is heated to 90 ℃, potassium carbonate, caustic potassium and barium chloride are added to remove impurities such as calcium, magnesium and sulfate radical. The potassium chloride solution containing 280 ～ 315g/L potassium chloride, neutralized by hydrochloric acid and refined by sedimentation and deslagging, is preheated to 70 ～ 75 ℃ and then electrolyzed to obtain potassium hydroxide, chlorine and hydrogen. The concentration of potassium hydroxide obtained by diaphragm method is 10%~11%, which needs to be concentrated by evaporation and clarified by cooling to prepare potassium hydroxide solution containing 45%~50%; It can also be concentrated in the alkali boiling pot and decolorized to obtain solid potassium hydroxide or flaked potassium hydroxide products.

2、水銀電解法電解液的配制同隔膜電解法。電解室中以石墨(或金屬)作陽(yáng)，水銀作陰，電解產(chǎn)生的氯氣送氯氣干燥工序，生成的鉀汞齊流入解汞室。大部分未反應(yīng)的氯化鉀以淡鹽水狀態(tài)經(jīng)處理后，返回原料溶解工序。鉀汞齊與清水反應(yīng)生成氫氧化鉀和氫氣。因解汞室出來(lái)的氫氧化鉀濃度為45%～50%，可作為液體氫氧化鉀產(chǎn)品，也可再經(jīng)熬堿鍋蒸濃成固堿或制成片狀氫氧化鉀產(chǎn)品。

2. The preparation of electrolyte for mercury electrolysis is the same as that for diaphragm electrolysis. Graphite (or metal) is used as the positive and mercury as the negative in the electrolysis chamber. The chlorine generated by electrolysis is sent to the chlorine drying process, and the potassium amalgam generated flows into the mercury removal chamber. Most unreacted potassium chloride is treated in light brine and returned to the raw material dissolution process. Potassium amalgam reacts with clean water to produce potassium hydroxide and hydrogen. Since the concentration of potassium hydroxide from the mercury dissolving room is 45%~50%, it can be used as a liquid potassium hydroxide product, or it can be evaporated into solid alkali or made into flake potassium hydroxide products through the alkali boiling boiler.

3、工業(yè)上制取氫氧化鉀是電解氯化鉀的水溶液。因?yàn)闅溲趸洷葰溲趸c難脫水，市售品的純度一般只能達(dá)到85%～86%。如需提純可按照提純氫氧化鈉的相同的方法進(jìn)行提純。

3. The industrial preparation of potassium hydroxide is the aqueous solution of electrolytic potassium chloride. Because potassium hydroxide is harder to dehydrate than sodium hydroxide, the purity of commercially available products can only reach 85%~86%. If purification is required, the same method can be used to purify sodium hydroxide.

4、氯化鉀經(jīng)精制后，預(yù)熱，不斷注入電解槽中，電解生成液經(jīng)濃縮、脫色而得。

4. After being refined, potassium chloride is preheated and continuously injected into the electrolytic cell. The electrolytic solution is obtained by concentrating and decoloring.

5、采用離子交換膜法，以工業(yè)品氫氧化鉀作為陽(yáng)室物質(zhì)，純水作為陰室物質(zhì)，在直流場(chǎng)作用下，K+離子透過(guò)具有選擇性的陽(yáng)膜進(jìn)入陰室與OH-離子生成試劑氫氧化鉀，經(jīng)濃縮、干燥得固體氫氧化鉀。氣體產(chǎn)物O2、H2分別由導(dǎo)管排出。

5. By adopting the ion exchange membrane method, industrial potassium hydroxide is used as the cation chamber material, and pure water is used as the anion chamber material. Under the action of the DC field, K+ions enter the anion chamber through the selective cation membrane to generate reagent potassium hydroxide with OH ions. After concentration and drying, solid potassium hydroxide is obtained. The gas products O2 and H2 are discharged from the pipe respectively.

6、通過(guò)高溫加熱碳酸鈣生成氧化鈣，氧化鈣與水反應(yīng)生成氫氧化鈣，氫氧化鈣與草木灰反應(yīng)生成氫氧化鉀！

6. Calcium oxide is generated by heating calcium carbonate at high temperature, calcium oxide reacts with water to generate calcium hydroxide, and calcium hydroxide reacts with plant ash to generate potassium hydroxide!

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